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823: The operating system returned error to SQL Server during a read/write at offset in file (I/O error)

SQL Server

What does it mean?

SQL Server received an operating-system-level I/O error while reading or writing a data/log file. This is a serious integrity warning pointing to a disk hardware or storage subsystem problem.

Why does it happen?

Bad disk sectors, a faulty controller/driver, storage/SAN problems, file system errors, or a page that cannot be read at all (hard I/O error). Usually hardware related.

How to fix it

Take a good backup immediately (if possible). Examine the Windows event log and storage logs, and test hardware/disk health. Run DBCC CHECKDB to check integrity. Check the suspect_pages table (msdb.dbo.suspect_pages). If there is corruption, restore from a good backup or perform a page-level restore. Replace/repair the hardware.

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