Why the log file grew / why it is not truncating
SQL ServerBackup & LogCommand
SELECT name,
recovery_model_desc,
log_reuse_wait_desc
FROM sys.databases
WHERE name = N'Customer';
-- Log space usage for all databases:
SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS db, name, type_desc,
size*8/1024 AS size_mb,
CAST(FILEPROPERTY(name,'SpaceUsed') AS BIGINT)*8/1024 AS used_mb
FROM sys.master_files
WHERE type_desc = 'LOG';What it does
The log_reuse_wait_desc column tells why the transaction log cannot be truncated (e.g. LOG_BACKUP, ACTIVE_TRANSACTION, REPLICATION, AVAILABILITY_REPLICA).
When to use it
To find the root cause when the log file keeps growing or the log is full (error 9002).
Caution
If LOG_BACKUP is shown, the fix is to take a log backup, not to shrink the file. Query only; no risk.